Physical fitness is important to allow people to carry out everyday activities such as walking and climbing stairs. However, physicalfitness is often reduced in stroke patients and may limit their ability to perform everyday activities and also worsen any stroke-relateddisability. For this reason fitness training has been proposed as a beneficial approach for stroke patients. In January 2013 this reviewidentified 45 trials involving 2188 participants, which tested different forms of fitness training after stroke.Studies of fitness training can be difficult to carry out. This means most of the studies were small and of moderate quality. However,some consistent findings did emerge. We found that some types of fitness training, particularly those involving walking, can improveexercise ability, walking and balance after stroke. However, there was not enough information to draw reliable conclusions about theimpact of fitness training on quality of life or mood.There was no evidence that any of the different types of fitness training caused injuries or other health problems; exercise appears to bea safe intervention.