This report presents the results of a systematic review of the effectiveness and economic
efficiency of disease management and case management for people with diabetes and
forms the basis for recommendations by the Task Force on Community Preventive Services
on the use of these two interventions. Evidence supports the effectiveness of disease
management on glycemic control; on screening for diabetic retinopathy, foot lesions and
peripheral neuropathy, and proteinuria; and on the monitoring of lipid concentrations.
This evidence is applicable to adults with diabetes in managed care organizations and
community clinics in the United States and Europe. Case management is effective in
improving both glycemic control and provider monitoring of glycemic control. This
evidence is applicable primarily in the U.S. managed care setting for adults with type 2
diabetes. Case management is effective both when delivered in conjunction with disease
management and when delivered with one or more additional educational, reminder, or
support interventions.