Key points
A single episode of over-distension of the bladder can produce chronic changes in urethro–vesical function due to irreversible damage to the detrusor
Although catheterisation is rarely contraindicated, wherever possible the procedure should be avoided due to a range of potential complications
A full bladder can displace the uterus and may lead to a prolonged labour and prevent involution of the uterus in the postpartum period
The female urethra does not have any lubricating glands, so it is easily damaged and at risk of trauma
Tissue damage during catheterisation can be minimised by using a lubricating gel, ensuring use of the correct size of catheter and gently inserting the catheter
The introduction of infection can be minimised by using an strict aseptic technique together with the use of an antiseptic gel