Both MGUS and SMM are typically asymptomatic and often identified incidentally. Upon diagnosis of these precursor conditions, a risk stratification framework is imperative to ascertain progression risks and tailor follow-up intervals. Notable stratification models from the Mayo Clinic and a Spanish research group have emerged, utilizing factors such as immunoparesis and bone marrow plasma cell percentages. Nevertheless, these models are derived from incidentally diagnosed cohorts, thus casting doubt on their predictive power in a broader context[5, 6]. Furthermore, neither model has demonstrated efficacy in accurately identifying patients with a 50% risk of progression to MM within two years, indicating a pressing need for more precise predictive tools.