Asian perspectives get considerable attention in the literature on human security. More than one observer has remarked on the policy divergence between Canada and Japan on human security. Acharya has outlined a more expansive(but less intrusive) view of human security that goes beyond conventional issues of violence to matters of politics, culture, dignity and freedom- a definition expressed most comprehensively, of course, by the late Mahbub ul Haq at UNDP. Furtado looked to specific Asian stated and reports on their particular response to the 1997 financial shocks.