Two years after Philippine independence from American control, the Republic became a member state of the International Labour Organization in June 15, 1948.[13] Since then, the Philippines have ratified a number of international conventions adopted by ILO, relating to child labor. The country first ratified in 1953, ILO Convention No. 90, which prohibits the employment of children in industry during night time and in 1960,[14] the government ratified ILO Convention No. 59, which fixes the minimum age of employment for industry at 15 years.[15] The convention, however, allows younger workers to be employed in undertakings which only members of the employer’s family are employed, but only if the work in question is not a danger to the life, health, or morals of the children employed. ILO Convention No. 77, which requires the medical examination and subsequent re-examination of children as a prerequisite for their employment,[16] was also put into effect in 1960. The ILO Convention No. 138 or the Minimum Age Convention of 1973[17] was not ratified in the Philippines until 1998.[18]