Antimicrobial activity of (a) petroleum ether, (b) benzene, (c) chloroform, (d) acetone, (e) methanol, (f) ethanol and (g) methanol–ethyl acetate (1:3) extracts of A. cocculus seeds at different concentrations against various tested bacterial strains.
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3.3.1. Minimum inhibitory concentration
The obtained MIC values (Table 3) confirmed the significant antimicrobial properties of the screened A. cocculus extracts. MIC values of the extracts ranged from 3 to 15 μg/mL. Among the extracts, methanol fraction showed the lowest MIC value of 3 μg/mL against E. coli ( Table 3) followed by S. aureus and S. typhi having 5 μg/mL each and P. vulgaris and K. pneumoniae with 7 μg/mL each. On the other hand, methanol–ethyl acetate fraction showed the highest MIC value of 15 μg/mL with P. vulgaris.
Table 3.
Minimal inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of A. cocculus seed extracts.
A. cocculus extracts MIC (μg/mL)
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S. aureus P. vulgaris E. coli S. typhi K. pneumoniae
Petroleum ether extract 9 11 11 11 9
Benzene extract 7 NT NT NT 9
Chloroform extract 13 13 11 NT 9
Acetone extract 5 7 7 7 7
Methanol extract 5 7 3 5 7
Ethanol extract 7 NT NT 7 11
Methanol–ethyl acetate extract 13 15 13 NT 13
NT = not tested as there was no activity.
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