For large firms, the level of family influence did not turn out to be a significant predictor of the establishment of MA departments and the usage of strategic MA and operational planning instruments. However, we observed a U-shaped dissemination of MA institutionalisation depending on the level of family influence: large firms that have medium levels of family influence show a lower establishment of MA departments and a lower number of strategic MA and operational planning instruments in use than do firms that have high or low levels of family influence.