The research reported here examines memory for specific episodes recounted by an external source rather than experienced
directly. We use the term vicarious memories to refer to recollections people have of salient life episodes that were told
to them by another person, such as a friend or family member. In the present study, vicarious memories represent particular
events that happened to other people, rather than general knowledge of other people’s lives. Although the remembered
event was not experienced personally, a vicarious memory may have qualities that closely resemble memories of
first-hand events, including vivid imagery, strong emotional and physical reactions, and long-lasting life influence.
Vicarious memories are distinct from ‘‘disputed memories,’’ where two individuals (oftentimes twins) both claim to be
the protagonist in a single past event (e.g., Sheen, Kemp, & Rubin, 2001); adults reporting vicarious memories are fully aware
that the episode happened to someone else.