4. Conclusions It is feasible and beneficial to incorporating WPC into NaCN for preparing whipping creams. Sterilization conditions, whipping time and WPC incorporation all affected the physical properties of whipping cream, as these formulation and processing factors altered the characteristics of the droplets themselves (e.g. size and surface) and the surrounding environment (e.g. viscosity, and steric and electrostatic interactions). Sterilization intensity decreased in the order of autoclaving > boiling sterilization > UHT sterilization. The extent of flocculation highly depended on heat treatment. UHT sterilization could cause coalescence. A more severe heat treatment led to increased yield stress, viscosity and loss tangent but decreased overrun. Partial substitution of NaCN with WPC improved the stability of whipped foam but slightly reduced the overrun. Further work may include investigations on the changes in detailed foam microstructure and chemical composition of surface proteins after different sterilization and whipping processes using X-ray micro-tomography, scanning electron microscopy, fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, etc. Formal sensory evaluation should be included in order to gain better understanding of the influence of processing conditions on whipping creams. As a real food emulsion, the other ingredients especially low molecular emulsifiers and polysaccharides would also influence the physicochemical properties in whipping cream system. Further attention must also turn to the interaction mechanisms of these ingredients. Acknowledgments The authors appreciate the financial support from National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 20806030) and the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities (2013ZZ0076).