where Vu = ultimate shear capacity of the beam; Vc and Vs = shear strengths controlled by the crushing of inclined concrete struts and the yielding of shear reinforcement, respectively; fy = yield strength of web reinforcement; fc0 = specified compressive strength of concrete; bw = width of the web; dv = effective shear depth; θu = inclination of diagonal struts at ultimate; ρv = ratio of