V.parahaemolyticus was prepared as previously described V.parahaemolyticus that was cultured in marine 2216E broth supplemented with 3.3% NaCl at 30°c for 18 h with sgaking at 200 rpm V .parahaenolyticus cells were washed and re-suspended 3 times in pkosphate-buffered salin (PBS:pH 7.4) before use The bacteria were prepared at a final concentration of 8×10 colony-forming units (CFU)/mL using PBS