Insulin regulates blood glucose levels by its effects on
the liver and skeletal muscles. Normal blood glucose
levels are maintained by sustenance of balance between
hepatic glucose production and glucose utilization by
the peripheral tissues. Insulin regulates hepatic
gluconeogenesis and promotes glucose catabolism by
the skeletal muscles. In type 2 diabetes mellitus,
postabsorptive hepatic glucose production is increased,
which positively correlates with fasting plasma glucose
concentration. Between gluconeogenesis and
glycogenolysis, gluconeogenesis appears to be
drastically increased in type 2 diabetes mellitus