Surgical procedures are performed with increasing fre- quency outside of hospital ORs, in ambulatory sur- gery centers (ASCs) and in numerous other facilities (eg, physician’s of fices, clinics, other departments in the hos- pital).1,2 The goal of performing surgery in any of these sites is to provide patient care that is convenient, safe, and cost- effective. However, performing surgical or other invasive pro- cedures in less controlled environments than those found in the OR also can lead to less than robust infection prevention precautions.3-5