In general, all surface waters from rivers, lakes, many
springs and shallow wells require treatment before using
it as drinking water. This treatment is required for
removal of color, odor, suspended matters, organic matters
and bacteria. Also, in order to remove metals e.g.
iron and manganese and for softening (removal of dissolved
solids e.g. Ca and Mg). The main target of all
treatment methods is to obtain clear, bright, colorless,
potable and whole some water, not too hard and without
corrosive and solvent action on metals.