Masculinity measures the degree at which a culture adheres to, and values traditional male and female roles. The traditional male role is one in which assertive and competitive are virtues. The traditional female role is one in which modesty and caring are virtues. A culture with high masculinity score follow closely to this definition of roles and, hence, display a gap between men’s values and women’s values (Hofstede, n.d.). In a culture with low masculinity, making it feminine, the roles are not reversed, they are simply blurred. “You see women and men working together equally across many professions. Men are allowed to be sensitive and women can work hard for professional success” (Mindtools, Masculinity section). Serpa observed that Cambodia is a predominantly feminine culture. “[Cambodians] place higher value on people, quality of life and nurturing. Meeting basic needs is considered a sufficient end in itself. Ambition and competitiveness are not valued traits. Argument and confrontation are to be avoided. Due to decades of war and civil unrest, the male population has been drastically reduced and women are assuming roles that were previously reserved for men” (Serpa, Femininity section). Applying this to the workplace culture, “one must try to avoid an old-boys-club mentality and ensure job design and practices are not discriminatory to either gender” (Mindtools, Maculinity section).