As the aquaculture industry intensively develops, its environmental impact increases. Discharges from aquaculture deteriorate
the receiving environment and the need for fishmeal and fish oil for fish feed production increases. Rotating biological contactors,
trickling filters, bead filters and fluidized sand biofilters are conventionally used in intensive aquaculture systems to remove
nitrogen from culture water. Besides these conventional water treatment systems, there are other possible modi operandi to recycle
aquaculture water and simultaneously produce fish feed. These double-purpose techniques are the periphyton treatment technique,
which is applicable to extensive systems, and the proteinaceous bio-flocs technology, which can be used in extensive as well as in
intensive systems. In addition to maintenance of good water quality, both techniques provide an inexpensive feed source and a
higher efficiency of nutrient conversion of feed. The bio-flocs technology has the advantage over the other techniques that it is
relatively inexpensive; this makes it an economically viable approach for sustainable aquaculture.
© 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved
As the aquaculture industry intensively develops, its environmental impact increases. Discharges from aquaculture deterioratethe receiving environment and the need for fishmeal and fish oil for fish feed production increases. Rotating biological contactors,trickling filters, bead filters and fluidized sand biofilters are conventionally used in intensive aquaculture systems to removenitrogen from culture water. Besides these conventional water treatment systems, there are other possible modi operandi to recycleaquaculture water and simultaneously produce fish feed. These double-purpose techniques are the periphyton treatment technique,which is applicable to extensive systems, and the proteinaceous bio-flocs technology, which can be used in extensive as well as inintensive systems. In addition to maintenance of good water quality, both techniques provide an inexpensive feed source and ahigher efficiency of nutrient conversion of feed. The bio-flocs technology has the advantage over the other techniques that it isrelatively inexpensive; this makes it an economically viable approach for sustainable aquaculture.© 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved
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