has found positive legal expression, while on the other hand a larger number of states (many of them newly independent) have ratified these main instruments. But the time-series trends also show that some of the instruments (e.g. CERD and CRC) have consistently enjoyed more support than others figure 1.12 compares the mean rectification score for the same set of communist europe exhibit the the highest rates of participation while sub-saharan africa the middle east and north africa south asia and east asia and pacific exhibit lower rates of participation.