Solvent extraction chemistry of acids is critically reviewed. The acids under consideration are strong mineral, carboxylic (acetic, lactic, citric, etc.) and amino acids. Extractants used are carbon-bonded, phosphorus-bonded oxygen-donors and aliphatic amines. Extractive transfer process obeys the Nernst mass action law. Expressions of equilibrium constants;and distribution ratios are presented. At low acid concentrations the experimental results, presented by authors, are in a good agreement with the calculated ones. The effects of different parameters of extractants, solvents (synergistic, modifiers, etc.), diluents (polar, nonpolar, electron-donating/accepting), pH, pKa, temperature, etc., are critically discussed.
The complicated behavior of extraction systems conflicts, in some cases, with the mass action law models, especially at increased acid concentrations. Some researchers describe over-stoichiometry through hydrogen bonding and aggregation.
Solvent extraction chemistry of acids is critically reviewed. The acids under consideration are strong mineral, carboxylic (acetic, lactic, citric, etc.) and amino acids. Extractants used are carbon-bonded, phosphorus-bonded oxygen-donors and aliphatic amines. Extractive transfer process obeys the Nernst mass action law. Expressions of equilibrium constants;and distribution ratios are presented. At low acid concentrations the experimental results, presented by authors, are in a good agreement with the calculated ones. The effects of different parameters of extractants, solvents (synergistic, modifiers, etc.), diluents (polar, nonpolar, electron-donating/accepting), pH, pKa, temperature, etc., are critically discussed.The complicated behavior of extraction systems conflicts, in some cases, with the mass action law models, especially at increased acid concentrations. Some researchers describe over-stoichiometry through hydrogen bonding and aggregation.
การแปล กรุณารอสักครู่..
