12
History
Chocolate discovered two thousand years ago. After the Queen Cleopatra of Egypt. The output from the seeds of Cacau (cacao) in the rain forests of South America. Organized in clans Theobroma cacao means ” food of the gods ” .
Chocolate is the first known civilization in Mexico . And Central America Minorities , including the Maya and the Aztec civilization of Mesoamerica . These men Cacau seeds were ground and mixed with various kinds to make a drink with a bitter , astringent taste . In addition to cooking , chocolate is also associated with the religious and social life .
The Maya (AD 250-900 ) was the first clear evidence that people have discovered the secret of the Academy Council . They have taken the values he came from the rainforest and planted them in the garden behind the house. I kept the seeds out the pods are fermented , roasted and ground into a somewhat sticky texture . I took tea as a drink mixed with water . Sprinkle with pepper corn It is a chocolate drink flavored sparkling bubbles .
Later, around the 14th century Kingdom of the Aztec civilization, occupied most of Mesoamerica . Its capital is the city now known as Mexico City the Aztec ‘s stock seed value for county Mayas and other peoples . And also charge the tribute of their citizens and county prisoners as a seed value . Using the money instead The popular Aztec chocolate bitters as well as the early Maya . By the synthesizer cooked with spices. People of Mesoamerica those days, no one planted with sugar cane , it is not well.
Said that the Maya Classic period like drinking chocolate in special session . While those buffoons are very popular drink . Part of the Aztec The high level military rulers and merchants who championed only with the tasted this divine drink . Chocolate roles in the royal and religious ceremonies . Because the seeds Cacau tribute gods. And drinking in key ceremony
For the source of chocolate, is also not explained clearly . However, there are two possibilities . The first is the shift from the term ” dark elf e ” in Maya , which means to drink chocolate together. Another explanation is probably derived from the Maya as well is “chocol” means the hot mixture with the word “atl” of the Aztec word for water, when added together , thus becoming the chocolatl and a . chocolate later in Europe
The beliefs of the ash Steak House . Mexico ” Cocoa beans are the food that God gave to a passport to Paradise” about 4,000 years ago , in which they bring cocoa beans to make a drink that is. ” Water for Chocolate ” Later, Mr Irvine Terminal Court Tej Spanish explorers sailed to meet the ash Steak House . Where he had lived with the Spoon Ash and co drink chocolate together. Court and Mr. Beauchamp has brought cocoa beans back to the country to try the drinks too. And additions to sweeten up the taste of the drink popular in Spain and in the end Mr. Conrad J. Van Houten tents Dutch have discovered how to make chocolate bars , tablets, and powders.
Chocolate Invades Europe
Europeans continued for centuries to use the Mesoamerican technique of grinding cacao beans on a "metate."
When the Spanish first brought chocolate back to Europe, it was still being served as a beverage, but soon went through an important evolution: the chili pepper was replaced by sugar. The new, sweetened, chocolate beverage was a luxury few could afford, but by the 17th century the drink was common among European nobility. In England, which was somewhat more egalitarian than the rest of Europe, chocolate was more widely available. Those who could afford it could enjoy chocolate drinks in the new coffee and chocolate houses of London.
As other countries challenged Spain's monopoly on cacao, chocolate became more widely available. Soon the French, English, and Dutch were cultivating cacao in their colonies in the Caribbean, and later, elsewhere in the world. With more production came lower prices, and soon the masses in Europe and the Americas were enjoying chocolate. For many people, however, the expanded production of cacao in the New World (along with that of other agricultural products) meant slavery and privation. Cacao production relied heavily on the forced labor of Native Americans and imported African slaves
How is Chocolate Made?
Chocolate is derived from cocoa beans, which grow on cocoa trees in Central and South America, as well as in parts of the Caribbean and Africa. Cocoa butter is extracted from cocoa beans, as are cocoa solids. Cocoa powder is the name for cocoa solids that have been ground down into a powder. Cocoa butter contains all the fat of the cocoa bean, and it is used as the oil or fat with which chocolate is produced. Chocolate is made by mixing cocoa butter, which provides the fatty part of chocolate, with cocoa solids and sugar. The first step in producing chocolate is the fermentation of cocoa beans picked from cocoa trees. Cocoa beans have a naturally bitter taste when they are first picked, and must be processed a certain way to yield traditional, sweeter chocolate. The beans are then roasted, shelled, and ground into cocoa mass, which is often called chocolate liquor. Chocolate liquor can be broken down into cocoa solids and cocoa butter. The mixture of sugar, cocoa butter, and cocoa solids results in the kind of chocolate that we can buy at the grocery store. Many chocolate products are made by adding particular fruits, flavors, or nuts to traditional chocolate mixtures. These kinds of chocolate additives include almonds, cherries, hazelnuts, nougat, caramel, and marshmallow.
Chocolate is classified as a sugar confection, more specifically defined as a food item that is rich in carbohydrates and sugar. Many governments, particularly those in European countries, enforce strict regulations in regards to the percentages of cocoa solids, cocoa butter, milk, or sugar used in chocolate production. Chocolate products can only be named and sold as milk, dark, or other types of chocolate if they meet these specific regulations for the percent of ingredients they contain. There is even an organization named the Chocolate Manufacturers Association, which deals with these kinds of regulations. Many countries are famous for producing high-quality chocolate. These countries include Denmark, Italy, the United Kingdom, Germany, France, Spain, Mexico, and, perhaps most famously of all, Belgium and Switzerland. Through the means of flavoring and processing, chocolate producers and manufacturers can create a huge variety of chocolate, all with different combinations of ingredients and levels of sweetness. The following are some of those varieties.
What's in a Name?
There is some confusion about the derivation of the word "chocolate." The Merriam Webster Dictionary, and many other sources, state that it comes from the Aztec, or more accurately Nahuatl (the language of the Aztecs), word chocolatl. Michael Coe, Professor of Anthropology at Yale, and author of The True History of Chocolate, presents a different view. He argues that the word chocolatl appears in "no truly early source on the Nahuatl language or on Aztec culture." He cites the distinguished Mexican philologist Ignacio Davila Garibi who proposed the idea that the "Spaniards had coined the word by taking the Maya word chocol and then replacing the Maya term for water, haa, with the Aztec one, atl." One other possibility is that chocolate is derived from the Maya verb chokola'j, which means, "to drink chocolate together."
.
From Beverage to Bar
As cacao became more commonly available, people began experimenting with new ways of using it. Chocolate began to appear in cakes, pastries, and sorbets. But it wasn't until 1828 that the "modern era" of chocolate making and production began.
In 1828, Dutch chocolate maker Conrad J. van Houten patented an inexpensive method for pressing the fat from roasted cacao beans. The center of the bean, known as the "nib," contains an average of 54 percent cocoa butter, which is a natural fat. Van Houten's machine -- a hydraulic press -- reduced the cocoa butter content by nearly half. This created a "cake" that could be pulverized into a fine powder known as "cocoa." Van Houten treated the powder with alkaline salts (potassium or sodium carbonates) so that the powder would mix more easily with water. Today, this process is known as "Dutching." The final product, Dutch chocolate, has a dark color and a mild taste. The introduction of cocoa powder not only made creating chocolate drinks much easier, but also made it possible to combine chocolate with sugar and then remix it with cocoa butter to create a solid. Others began to build on Van Houten's success, experimenting to make new chocolate products. In 1849, English chocolate maker Joseph Storrs Fry produced what was arguably the world's first eating chocolate. Today, the Swiss are famous for their chocolate, and rightly so. In the late 19th century, they developed a number of processes that contributed greatly to creating the solid chocolate candy that we all enjoy today. Two major developments occurred in 1879. First, Daniel Peter, a Swiss chocolate manufacturer, had the idea of using powdered milk (invented by Swiss Chemist Henri Nestle in 1867) to make a new kind of chocolate, milk chocolate. Second, Rudolphe Lindt invented a process called "conching," which greatly improved the quality of chocolate candy by making it more blendable.
The Cacao Tree
• Description of the Cacao Tree
Theobroma cacao is a small understory tree native to the American tropical rainforest, which has evolved to utilize the shade of the heavy It originated in clumps along riverbanks in the Amazon basin on the eastern equatorial slopes of the Andes. The Cacao Tree is a shade tolerant, moisture loving, understory rainforest tree. It naturally favors riparian zones so often in the wild is found along rivers. The tree
12 HistoryChocolate discovered two thousand years ago. After the Queen Cleopatra of Egypt. The output from the seeds of Cacau (cacao) in the rain forests of South America. Organized in clans Theobroma cacao means ” food of the gods ” .Chocolate is the first known civilization in Mexico . And Central America Minorities , including the Maya and the Aztec civilization of Mesoamerica . These men Cacau seeds were ground and mixed with various kinds to make a drink with a bitter , astringent taste . In addition to cooking , chocolate is also associated with the religious and social life .The Maya (AD 250-900 ) was the first clear evidence that people have discovered the secret of the Academy Council . They have taken the values he came from the rainforest and planted them in the garden behind the house. I kept the seeds out the pods are fermented , roasted and ground into a somewhat sticky texture . I took tea as a drink mixed with water . Sprinkle with pepper corn It is a chocolate drink flavored sparkling bubbles .Later, around the 14th century Kingdom of the Aztec civilization, occupied most of Mesoamerica . Its capital is the city now known as Mexico City the Aztec ‘s stock seed value for county Mayas and other peoples . And also charge the tribute of their citizens and county prisoners as a seed value . Using the money instead The popular Aztec chocolate bitters as well as the early Maya . By the synthesizer cooked with spices. People of Mesoamerica those days, no one planted with sugar cane , it is not well.กล่าวว่า ระยะเวลามายาคลาสสิกเช่นดื่มช็อกโกแลตในโครงการพิเศษ ในขณะที่ buffoons เหล่านั้นเป็นเครื่องดื่มที่นิยมมาก ส่วนของตัววิหาร ไม้ทหารระดับสูงและที่ championed กับที่ tasted เท่านี้พระเจ้าเครื่องดื่ม ช็อกโกแลตของบทบาทในพิธีกรรมทางศาสนา และรอยัล เนื่องจากเมล็ด Cacau บรรณาการพระเจ้า และดื่มในพิธีสำคัญสำหรับแหล่งที่มาของช็อคโกแลต ยังไม่อธิบายให้ชัดเจน อย่างไรก็ตาม มี 2 วิธี แรกคือ เปลี่ยนจากคำว่า "เอลฟ์มืด e" ในมายา ซึ่งหมายความว่า การดื่มช็อกโกแลตด้วยกัน คำอธิบายอื่นอาจจะมาจากมายาดีเป็น "ช็อ" หมายถึง ส่วนผสมร้อน ด้วยคำว่า "atl" ของคำว่าวิหารน้ำ เมื่อเข้าด้วยกัน เป็น การ chocolatl และ ช็อกโกแลตในยุโรปเชื่อของเถ้าสเต็กเฮ้าส์ เม็กซิโก "โกโก้ถั่วเป็นอาหารที่พระเจ้าให้กับหนังสือสวรรค์" ประมาณ 4,000 ปี ที่พวกเขานำเมล็ดโกโก้จะทำให้เครื่องดื่มที่ "น้ำช็อคโกแลต" ในภายหลัง นายเออร์วินนัลคอร์ท Tej สเปนสำรวจแล่นกับเถ้าสเต็กเฮ้าส์ ที่เขามีอยู่พร้อมช้อนเถ้า และ บริษัทเครื่องดื่มช็อกโกแลตด้วยกัน ศาลและโบชอมป์นายได้นำเมล็ดโกโก้กลับไปยังประเทศที่จะลองเครื่องดื่มด้วย และเพิ่มเติมให้โล่งขึ้นรสชาติของเครื่องดื่มยอดนิยม ในสเปน และ ในสุดนาย Conrad J. Van Houten เต็นท์ดัตช์ได้ค้นพบวิธี ทำช็อคโกแล เม็ด ผงChocolate Invades Europe Europeans continued for centuries to use the Mesoamerican technique of grinding cacao beans on a "metate." When the Spanish first brought chocolate back to Europe, it was still being served as a beverage, but soon went through an important evolution: the chili pepper was replaced by sugar. The new, sweetened, chocolate beverage was a luxury few could afford, but by the 17th century the drink was common among European nobility. In England, which was somewhat more egalitarian than the rest of Europe, chocolate was more widely available. Those who could afford it could enjoy chocolate drinks in the new coffee and chocolate houses of London. As other countries challenged Spain's monopoly on cacao, chocolate became more widely available. Soon the French, English, and Dutch were cultivating cacao in their colonies in the Caribbean, and later, elsewhere in the world. With more production came lower prices, and soon the masses in Europe and the Americas were enjoying chocolate. For many people, however, the expanded production of cacao in the New World (along with that of other agricultural products) meant slavery and privation. Cacao production relied heavily on the forced labor of Native Americans and imported African slavesHow is Chocolate Made?ช็อกโกแลตมาจากเมล็ดโกโก้ ซึ่งเติบโตบนต้นไม้โกโก้กลางและอเมริกาใต้ และ ในส่วนของคาริเบียนและแอฟริกา เนยโกโก้สกัดจากเมล็ดโกโก้ โกโก้ของแข็งเป็น ผงโกโก้เป็นชื่อของแข็งโกโก้ที่ถูกพื้นลงเป็นผง เนยโกโก้ประกอบด้วยไขมันทั้งหมดของถั่วโกโก้ และใช้เป็นน้ำมันหรือไขมันที่ผลิตช็อคโกแลต ช็อคโกแลตจะทำ โดยการผสมเนยโกโก้ ซึ่งมีส่วนไขมันของช็อคโกแลต ของแข็งโกโก้และน้ำตาล ขั้นตอนแรกในการผลิตช็อคโกแลตเป็นการหมักเมล็ดโกโก้ที่มาจากต้นโกโก้ เมล็ดโกโก้มีรสขมตามธรรมชาติเมื่อพวกเขาแรกรับ และต้องดำเนินการบางประการเพื่อให้ช็อกโกแลตแบบดั้งเดิม หวาน ถั่วแล้วคั่ว เปลือก และพื้นดินมวลโกโก้ ซึ่งมักจะเรียกว่าช็อกโกแลตสุรา เหล้าช็อกโกแลตสามารถสามารถแบ่งลงในของแข็งโกโก้และเนยโกโก้ ส่วนผสมของน้ำตาล เนยโกโก้ และผลของแข็งโกโก้ในชนิดของช็อกโกแลตที่เราสามารถซื้อที่ร้านขายของชำ ผลิตภัณฑ์ช็อกโกแลตมากจะทำ โดยการเพิ่มผลไม้เฉพาะ รสชาติ หรือถั่วผสมช็อกโกแลตแบบดั้งเดิม ช็อกโกแลตสารต่าง ๆ เหล่านี้ได้แก่อัลมอนด์ เชอร์รี่ เฮเซลนัท ตังเม คาราเมล และมาร์ชแมลโลว์Chocolate is classified as a sugar confection, more specifically defined as a food item that is rich in carbohydrates and sugar. Many governments, particularly those in European countries, enforce strict regulations in regards to the percentages of cocoa solids, cocoa butter, milk, or sugar used in chocolate production. Chocolate products can only be named and sold as milk, dark, or other types of chocolate if they meet these specific regulations for the percent of ingredients they contain. There is even an organization named the Chocolate Manufacturers Association, which deals with these kinds of regulations. Many countries are famous for producing high-quality chocolate. These countries include Denmark, Italy, the United Kingdom, Germany, France, Spain, Mexico, and, perhaps most famously of all, Belgium and Switzerland. Through the means of flavoring and processing, chocolate producers and manufacturers can create a huge variety of chocolate, all with different combinations of ingredients and levels of sweetness. The following are some of those varieties.What's in a Name?There is some confusion about the derivation of the word "chocolate." The Merriam Webster Dictionary, and many other sources, state that it comes from the Aztec, or more accurately Nahuatl (the language of the Aztecs), word chocolatl. Michael Coe, Professor of Anthropology at Yale, and author of The True History of Chocolate, presents a different view. He argues that the word chocolatl appears in "no truly early source on the Nahuatl language or on Aztec culture." He cites the distinguished Mexican philologist Ignacio Davila Garibi who proposed the idea that the "Spaniards had coined the word by taking the Maya word chocol and then replacing the Maya term for water, haa, with the Aztec one, atl." One other possibility is that chocolate is derived from the Maya verb chokola'j, which means, "to drink chocolate together."
.
From Beverage to Bar
As cacao became more commonly available, people began experimenting with new ways of using it. Chocolate began to appear in cakes, pastries, and sorbets. But it wasn't until 1828 that the "modern era" of chocolate making and production began.
In 1828, Dutch chocolate maker Conrad J. van Houten patented an inexpensive method for pressing the fat from roasted cacao beans. The center of the bean, known as the "nib," contains an average of 54 percent cocoa butter, which is a natural fat. Van Houten's machine -- a hydraulic press -- reduced the cocoa butter content by nearly half. This created a "cake" that could be pulverized into a fine powder known as "cocoa." Van Houten treated the powder with alkaline salts (potassium or sodium carbonates) so that the powder would mix more easily with water. Today, this process is known as "Dutching." The final product, Dutch chocolate, has a dark color and a mild taste. The introduction of cocoa powder not only made creating chocolate drinks much easier, but also made it possible to combine chocolate with sugar and then remix it with cocoa butter to create a solid. Others began to build on Van Houten's success, experimenting to make new chocolate products. In 1849, English chocolate maker Joseph Storrs Fry produced what was arguably the world's first eating chocolate. Today, the Swiss are famous for their chocolate, and rightly so. In the late 19th century, they developed a number of processes that contributed greatly to creating the solid chocolate candy that we all enjoy today. Two major developments occurred in 1879. First, Daniel Peter, a Swiss chocolate manufacturer, had the idea of using powdered milk (invented by Swiss Chemist Henri Nestle in 1867) to make a new kind of chocolate, milk chocolate. Second, Rudolphe Lindt invented a process called "conching," which greatly improved the quality of chocolate candy by making it more blendable.
The Cacao Tree
• Description of the Cacao Tree
Theobroma cacao is a small understory tree native to the American tropical rainforest, which has evolved to utilize the shade of the heavy It originated in clumps along riverbanks in the Amazon basin on the eastern equatorial slopes of the Andes. The Cacao Tree is a shade tolerant, moisture loving, understory rainforest tree. It naturally favors riparian zones so often in the wild is found along rivers. The tree
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