Though limiting the amount of an exposure is important, some approaches to risk modeling focus on eliminating whole types of exposure entirely. Imagine that an investor’s analysis indicates that Chevron Corporation (CVX) is likely to outperform Exxon Mobil Corporation (XOM). But the trade the investor makes is simply to go long CVX while ignoring XOM. If the market drops precipitously afterward, or if the oil sector performs very poorly, the investor will most likely lose money on the trade, despite the correctness of his thesis. This is because the investor is exposed to market directional risk and to oil sector risk, even though he didn’t have any particular foresight as to where the market or the oil sector was going. The investor could have substantially eliminated the unintentional or accidental market direction risk if he had expressed his analysis by buying CVX and shorting an equivalent amount of XOM. This way, whether the market rises, falls, or does nothing, he is indifferent. He is only affected by being right or wrong that CVX would outperform XOM.