2.2.1. Exposure
Exposure can be seen as the degree to which an area is in contact with a perturbation (e.g. hurricane) (Adger, 2006; Gallopin, 2006).Using flooding as an example, the total emergy of accumulated run off is regarded as the exposure of an area to an extreme climate event. The flood prone area can be characterized with high exposure because they are exposed to higher accumulated rain and runoff during a typhoon event. When calculating runoff, the natural system’s capability of providing ecosystem services to regulate flooding is taken into account. The ecosystem service of flood regulation is affected by land cover and the hydro logic soil characteristics of the study area. Obviously, urbanized areas have limited capability for flood regulation because of the higher amounts of impervious surface area leading to higher amounts of runoff relative to non-urbanized areas. Runoff can be calculated using the Soil Conservation Service Runoff Curve Number Method (USDA,1986)
2.2.1. ExposureExposure can be seen as the degree to which an area is in contact with a perturbation (e.g. hurricane) (Adger, 2006; Gallopin, 2006).Using flooding as an example, the total emergy of accumulated run off is regarded as the exposure of an area to an extreme climate event. The flood prone area can be characterized with high exposure because they are exposed to higher accumulated rain and runoff during a typhoon event. When calculating runoff, the natural system’s capability of providing ecosystem services to regulate flooding is taken into account. The ecosystem service of flood regulation is affected by land cover and the hydro logic soil characteristics of the study area. Obviously, urbanized areas have limited capability for flood regulation because of the higher amounts of impervious surface area leading to higher amounts of runoff relative to non-urbanized areas. Runoff can be calculated using the Soil Conservation Service Runoff Curve Number Method (USDA,1986)
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