As a consequence, the damage to plant cells due to the formation of large ice crystals was minimized and the extent of drip loss was greatly reduced (Fig. 6). Interestingly, the application of UAF at ultrasound intensity levels of 0.209, 0.514 and 0.630 W/cm2significantly (p < 0.05) increased the freezing time of broccoli compared with the normal immersion freezing (Fig. 2).