This chapter introduces the topic of the text, with an emphasis on its importance
in the field. While considerable change has occurred in the field with
support from judicial, legislative, and advocacy areas, many students with
moderate to severe disabilities are still waiting to receive a high-quality and
appropriate education in the least restrictive environment. It is insufficient for
students with moderate or severe disabilities to be physically present in general
education classrooms without receiving the individualized and systematic
instruction that is needed to learn. Curricular adaptations are essential to allow
cognitive, physical, sensory, and motivational access, but specific instruction
for each student is also needed to ensure that learning occurs, and students are
truly a part of the learning community