Benomyl is a systemic fungicide that was registered to control a wide range of fungal diseases affecting fruits, nuts, vegetables, turf, and field crops. The fungicidal properties of benomyl are proposed to be based on its ability to impair microtubule assembly. In 2001, the registration for benomyl was canceled by manufacturer request. Toxicological studies in laboratory mammals indicate that benomyl causes liver toxicity, reproductive effects, and chromosome abnormalities. More recently, due to its downstream metabolites acting as aldehyde dehydrogenase inhibitors, benomyl has been implicated in neurotoxic pathways.