Fish balls added with CPA were thawed and left on a stainless steel strainer (0.6-cm diameter holes), covered with aluminum foil and allowed the samples to stand for 30 min at room temperature (Jittinandana et al.2005). The fish balls were frozen in −20 °C freezer for 24 h prior to thawing in order to calculate the drip loss after 1 day of frozen storage.
Thaw loss was calculated as follows: