Long (2005a) recommends taking a task-based approach to needs analysis as well as with teaching and learning based on the argument that “structures or other linguistic elements (notions, functions, lexical items etc.)” should not be a focal point of teaching and learning. “Learners are far more active and cognitive-independent participants in the acquisition process than is assumed by the erroneous belief that what you teach is what they learn, and when you teach it is when they learn it” (p. 3). In this approach, tasks are the units of analysis and “samples of the discourse typi-cally involved in performance of target tasks” (p. 3) are collected. An example of a ‘real-world task’ or ‘target task’ for engineers is the reading of textbooks (Mudraya, 2006).
The concept of tasks is similar to that of communicative events as defined by Munby (1978). The difference is that language variables, rather than sociolinguistic variables, are highlighted in the task-based approach. They are considered of equal significance in this paper, especially for engineering students who are expected to perform real-world tasks after graduation
Long (2005a) recommends taking a task-based approach to needs analysis as well as with teaching and learning based on the argument that “structures or other linguistic elements (notions, functions, lexical items etc.)” should not be a focal point of teaching and learning. “Learners are far more active and cognitive-independent participants in the acquisition process than is assumed by the erroneous belief that what you teach is what they learn, and when you teach it is when they learn it” (p. 3). In this approach, tasks are the units of analysis and “samples of the discourse typi-cally involved in performance of target tasks” (p. 3) are collected. An example of a ‘real-world task’ or ‘target task’ for engineers is the reading of textbooks (Mudraya, 2006).The concept of tasks is similar to that of communicative events as defined by Munby (1978). The difference is that language variables, rather than sociolinguistic variables, are highlighted in the task-based approach. They are considered of equal significance in this paper, especially for engineering students who are expected to perform real-world tasks after graduation
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