Figure 8B shows color maps of fin ray curvature vs. time corresponding to the snapshots in Figure 8A. The most flexible fin ray model experiencedvery high curvatures concentrated in small areas near the distal tip of the ray (Fig. 8A,B, far left). Increasing the stiffness of the fin ray resulted in lower curvature maximum values (P < 0.001; Ttest against known mean calculated by hand), but more of the fin ray experienced curvature values near the maximum. In the two stiffest models, the entire fin ray exhibited rapidly oscillating curvatures as a result of vortex impact. When the vortex dipole impacted the stiffer fin ray, it was deflected at a more acute angle and rotated back into the path of the fin