Generally, we can conclude that ripple-e®ects occur in both OO and AO implementations
in practice. The modularized design by contract concern within the AO
versions can be broken by OO refactorings resulting in less obvious changes to unrelated
components. In turn the OO versions can also require unrelated changes
to other modules (e.g. business layer) while changing, for example, a precondition
localized at the HW's view layer.