The conclusion of Lagrange et al. (ibid.) was that the focus of literature on the
epistemological and cognitive dimensions clearly produces a corpus of didactical
knowledge useful to understand aspects of educational use of ICT. On the other hand
this understanding cannot alone support the integration of ICT. Using ICT for
teaching and learning mathematics in schools institutions involves more than just
epistemological considerations and the student is not just a "cognitive subject". To
analyse the use of an ICT tool in the complex classroom reality and the evolving
relationship of the students to the mathematical knowledge and to the tool, analysis of
the integration needs to include the institutional and instrumental dimensions.
In the meta-study, we planed to look also into a teacher dimension because we saw
him (her) as a central "actor" of the integration. We tried to characterise this
dimension by indicators (Table 1). We found very few mention of these indicators in
papers of the years 1994-1998. My interpretation is that innovators and researchers
made an implicit assumption: new technologies and the associated didactical
knowledge could easily be transferred to teachers by way of professional
development and training. I think that this assumption is questionable because in a
country like France, uses of technologies are deceptive although efforts have been
Thematic Group 9 EUROPEAN RESEARCH IN MATHEMATICS EDUCATION III
J. B. Lagrange 4
made to train teachers. In my hypothesis the existing corpus of didactical knowledge
about ICT use is not sufficient to really help teachers integrate technology. Thus
research has to study the teacher and try to look at his(her) action in the light of new
dimensions. The second part of this paper aims to contribute to this study by
analysing a set of publications.
A selection of research studies about the teacher
I will take into consideration a selection of research studies about the teacher and ICT
from the year 1994 until now. As a difference with the above-mentioned study, this
selection of papers is not systematic. I selected papers to show an evolution. All but
the first paper are about Computer Algebra Systems (CAS). This is the technology I
know the best and experimenting its use, discrepancy between potentialities and
integration was particularly noticeable.
The first publication (Abboud Blanchard, 1994) is a philosophical dissertation
discussing the use of software applications in the learning of mathematics and
associated teacher training.
The second (Lagrange, 1996) is a study of the use of Computer Algebra by "expert"
teachers. It stresses discrepancies between teacher's expectation and the reality of
classroom observation and students' attitudes.
The other publications (Monaghan, 2001, Kendall, Stacey, 2002) are about more
"ordinary" teachers. They tend also to show discrepancies and a great variability of
professional practices.
Software applications to learn mathematics and teacher training (Abboud
Blanchard, 1994)
This philosophical dissertation was written during the years following the IPT
("Computer for Everybody") program. This program was initiated in 1984 by French
government and aimed to a generalised use of 8-bits computers in schools to learn
various subjects. Much was expected from this use and the reality was deceptive. At a
guess, the publication says that 15% only of mathematics teachers use at least
sometimes computers in classroom. Teachers think that they are not enough trained:
23% say that they had no training, 46% think they are poorly trained, 17% medium
and 11% highly trained.
The publication notices that the "external" analysis of technical, ergonomic, of
pedagogic characteristics of software applications that literature offers is not enough
to help teachers build a classroom use. To take advantage of potentialities of a
computer application, the teacher would need an understanding of "internal"
characteristics like the implementation of mathematical notions and the impact on
learning situations. To achieve this understanding, teachers as well as software
designers should be able to use didactical knowledge about learning situations and
not just "naive" approaches.
The conclusion of Lagrange et al. (ibid.) was that the focus of literature on the
epistemological and cognitive dimensions clearly produces a corpus of didactical
knowledge useful to understand aspects of educational use of ICT. On the other hand
this understanding cannot alone support the integration of ICT. Using ICT for
teaching and learning mathematics in schools institutions involves more than just
epistemological considerations and the student is not just a "cognitive subject". To
analyse the use of an ICT tool in the complex classroom reality and the evolving
relationship of the students to the mathematical knowledge and to the tool, analysis of
the integration needs to include the institutional and instrumental dimensions.
In the meta-study, we planed to look also into a teacher dimension because we saw
him (her) as a central "actor" of the integration. We tried to characterise this
dimension by indicators (Table 1). We found very few mention of these indicators in
papers of the years 1994-1998. My interpretation is that innovators and researchers
made an implicit assumption: new technologies and the associated didactical
knowledge could easily be transferred to teachers by way of professional
development and training. I think that this assumption is questionable because in a
country like France, uses of technologies are deceptive although efforts have been
Thematic Group 9 EUROPEAN RESEARCH IN MATHEMATICS EDUCATION III
J. B. Lagrange 4
made to train teachers. In my hypothesis the existing corpus of didactical knowledge
about ICT use is not sufficient to really help teachers integrate technology. Thus
research has to study the teacher and try to look at his(her) action in the light of new
dimensions. The second part of this paper aims to contribute to this study by
analysing a set of publications.
A selection of research studies about the teacher
I will take into consideration a selection of research studies about the teacher and ICT
from the year 1994 until now. As a difference with the above-mentioned study, this
selection of papers is not systematic. I selected papers to show an evolution. All but
the first paper are about Computer Algebra Systems (CAS). This is the technology I
know the best and experimenting its use, discrepancy between potentialities and
integration was particularly noticeable.
The first publication (Abboud Blanchard, 1994) is a philosophical dissertation
discussing the use of software applications in the learning of mathematics and
associated teacher training.
The second (Lagrange, 1996) is a study of the use of Computer Algebra by "expert"
teachers. It stresses discrepancies between teacher's expectation and the reality of
classroom observation and students' attitudes.
The other publications (Monaghan, 2001, Kendall, Stacey, 2002) are about more
"ordinary" teachers. They tend also to show discrepancies and a great variability of
professional practices.
Software applications to learn mathematics and teacher training (Abboud
Blanchard, 1994)
This philosophical dissertation was written during the years following the IPT
("Computer for Everybody") program. This program was initiated in 1984 by French
government and aimed to a generalised use of 8-bits computers in schools to learn
various subjects. Much was expected from this use and the reality was deceptive. At a
guess, the publication says that 15% only of mathematics teachers use at least
sometimes computers in classroom. Teachers think that they are not enough trained:
23% say that they had no training, 46% think they are poorly trained, 17% medium
and 11% highly trained.
The publication notices that the "external" analysis of technical, ergonomic, of
pedagogic characteristics of software applications that literature offers is not enough
to help teachers build a classroom use. To take advantage of potentialities of a
computer application, the teacher would need an understanding of "internal"
characteristics like the implementation of mathematical notions and the impact on
learning situations. To achieve this understanding, teachers as well as software
designers should be able to use didactical knowledge about learning situations and
not just "naive" approaches.
การแปล กรุณารอสักครู่..

The conclusion of Lagrange et al. (ibid.) was that the focus of literature on the
epistemological and cognitive dimensions clearly produces a corpus of didactical
knowledge useful to understand aspects of educational use of ICT. On the other hand
this understanding cannot alone support the integration of ICT. Using ICT for
teaching and learning mathematics in schools institutions involves more than just
epistemological considerations and the student is not just a "cognitive subject". To
analyse the use of an ICT tool in the complex classroom reality and the evolving
relationship of the students to the mathematical knowledge and to the tool, analysis of
the integration needs to include the institutional and instrumental dimensions.
In the meta-study, we planed to look also into a teacher dimension because we saw
him (her) as a central "actor" of the integration. We tried to characterise this
dimension by indicators (Table 1). We found very few mention of these indicators in
papers of the years 1994-1998. My interpretation is that innovators and researchers
made an implicit assumption: new technologies and the associated didactical
knowledge could easily be transferred to teachers by way of professional
development and training. I think that this assumption is questionable because in a
country like France, uses of technologies are deceptive although efforts have been
Thematic Group 9 EUROPEAN RESEARCH IN MATHEMATICS EDUCATION III
J. B. Lagrange 4
made to train teachers. In my hypothesis the existing corpus of didactical knowledge
about ICT use is not sufficient to really help teachers integrate technology. Thus
research has to study the teacher and try to look at his(her) action in the light of new
dimensions. The second part of this paper aims to contribute to this study by
analysing a set of publications.
A selection of research studies about the teacher
I will take into consideration a selection of research studies about the teacher and ICT
from the year 1994 until now. As a difference with the above-mentioned study, this
selection of papers is not systematic. I selected papers to show an evolution. All but
the first paper are about Computer Algebra Systems (CAS). This is the technology I
know the best and experimenting its use, discrepancy between potentialities and
integration was particularly noticeable.
The first publication (Abboud Blanchard, 1994) is a philosophical dissertation
discussing the use of software applications in the learning of mathematics and
associated teacher training.
The second (Lagrange, 1996) is a study of the use of Computer Algebra by "expert"
teachers. It stresses discrepancies between teacher's expectation and the reality of
classroom observation and students' attitudes.
The other publications (Monaghan, 2001, Kendall, Stacey, 2002) are about more
"ordinary" teachers. They tend also to show discrepancies and a great variability of
professional practices.
Software applications to learn mathematics and teacher training (Abboud
Blanchard, 1994)
This philosophical dissertation was written during the years following the IPT
("Computer for Everybody") program. This program was initiated in 1984 by French
government and aimed to a generalised use of 8-bits computers in schools to learn
various subjects. Much was expected from this use and the reality was deceptive. At a
guess, the publication says that 15% only of mathematics teachers use at least
sometimes computers in classroom. Teachers think that they are not enough trained:
23% say that they had no training, 46% think they are poorly trained, 17% medium
and 11% highly trained.
The publication notices that the "external" analysis of technical, ergonomic, of
pedagogic characteristics of software applications that literature offers is not enough
to help teachers build a classroom use. To take advantage of potentialities of a
computer application, the teacher would need an understanding of "internal"
characteristics like the implementation of mathematical notions and the impact on
learning situations. To achieve this understanding, teachers as well as software
designers should be able to use didactical knowledge about learning situations and
not just "naive" approaches.
การแปล กรุณารอสักครู่..
