B. Paver-Factor Fundamentals
Power Factor (PF) reflects how efficiently a facility uses
electricity. Of course there are many other measures of
energy efficiency. PF compares the amount of useful work
that is extracted from the total amount of electrical energy
supplied. PF is defined as the ratio of ”useful” power, which
is resistive in nature and measured in kilowatts (kW), divided
by the total electric power demand, often referred to as
“apparent” power measured in kilovolt -amperes (KVA).
A power factor of 1.00 or unity means that all of the
power consumed by a facility goes to produce useful work,
such as resistive heating strips and incandescent lighting,
has power factors close to unity. On the other hand, reactive
devices those devices that use inductive coils or capacitors
(such as electric motors, transformers, etc.) a significant
portion of the electric power required to operate these
devices goes to create an electro-magnetic field and not to
resistive work. This portion of electric power is generally
referred to as reactive power. The relationship between
apparent power (KVA), resistive or useful power (kW), and
reactive power (KVAR) generally follows this equation. The
effective power factor may be lower in the presence of nonlinear
devices (such as solid-state or switched power
supplies, variable speed drives, DC drives) and the harmonic
distortion that these devices generate. Harmonic distortion
essentially converts a portion of the useful energy into high
frequency energy that is no longer useful to most devices
and is ultimately lost as heat. In this way, the presence of
harmonic distortion M e r reduces the effective power
factor.
KVA = sqrt [(kW x kW) + (KVAR x KVAR)]
Generally motors
B. Paver-Factor FundamentalsPower Factor (PF) reflects how efficiently a facility useselectricity. Of course there are many other measures ofenergy efficiency. PF compares the amount of useful workthat is extracted from the total amount of electrical energysupplied. PF is defined as the ratio of ”useful” power, whichis resistive in nature and measured in kilowatts (kW), dividedby the total electric power demand, often referred to as“apparent” power measured in kilovolt -amperes (KVA).A power factor of 1.00 or unity means that all of thepower consumed by a facility goes to produce useful work,such as resistive heating strips and incandescent lighting,has power factors close to unity. On the other hand, reactivedevices those devices that use inductive coils or capacitors(such as electric motors, transformers, etc.) a significantportion of the electric power required to operate thesedevices goes to create an electro-magnetic field and not toresistive work. This portion of electric power is generallyreferred to as reactive power. The relationship betweenapparent power (KVA), resistive or useful power (kW), andreactive power (KVAR) generally follows this equation. Theeffective power factor may be lower in the presence of nonlineardevices (such as solid-state or switched powersupplies, variable speed drives, DC drives) and the harmonicdistortion that these devices generate. Harmonic distortionเป็นแปลงสัดส่วนของพลังงานมีประโยชน์เป็นสูงพลังงานความถี่ที่ไม่เป็นประโยชน์กับอุปกรณ์ส่วนใหญ่และหายในที่สุดเป็นความร้อน ด้วยวิธีนี้ ก็เพี้ยน M e r ลดการใช้พลังงานอย่างมีประสิทธิภาพปัจจัยการKVA = sqrt จะ [(kW x kW) + (KVAR x KVAR)]มอเตอร์โดยทั่วไป
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