Many coniferous and deciduous tree species occur on the Korean
peninsula, which has a long north-south oriented topographic complexity.
Seventy percent of the terrain is dominated by hills and
mountains; there are many high peaks with east-west slopes. Relative
warm temperatures prevail through the year in South Korea
(annual mean temperature 10–16 ◦C, Korea Meteorological Administration).
Annual mean precipitation is ca. 1000–1800 mm, and
more than a half of precipitation falls in summer (June to August).
Winters are dry and cold, fitting a typical continental climate pattern