The world’s relatively poor and powerless states are almost all postcolonial Their economic and social policies, and debates about them, have long involved the goal of “development.” Officially, their governing regimes seek to achieve economic growth to improve the lives of their people through industrialization and other forms of economic diversification. A key part of the debate over development, of course, has been not only how to achieve growth but also how the benefits of that growth are distributed to relieve poverty. the development debate we outline in chapter 5 from import –substitution industrialization (ISI) to structural adjustment programs (SAP) long preceded the contemporary globalization debate , but both end up addressing the same key question : How can state in developing countries use economic policies to help them navigate the global economy in ways that are most beneficial to their people? A key element in this debate is not economic and but is instead political: What types of regimes are most willing to and capable of pursuing beneficial policies? The long-standing debate as