In this paper, we first review the key ecological functions per-formed by soil engineers. We then stress the methods developed to promote their activity, and identify the obstacles hampering further research on this topic. Next, we give examples of the utilization of earthworm and termite activity for the rehabilitation of soil quality and functioning. Finally, we summarize the major obstacles hampering the utilization of soil engineer activity for the restoration of ecosystems and consider new research topics that should allow the development of sustainable practices for the rehabilitation of degraded ecosystems.