The study had a number of limitations. Firstly, data were collected after the respondents had
already participated in HRD in CSR activities, casting some doubt on the answers to questions
to situations related to before participation in activities. Secondly, data based on self-evaluation may be biased. Thirdly, Welford (2005) stated that organisations should be aware of local issues and cultural traditions at national levels. This consideration of local issues is significant but is sometimes difficult to measure and evaluate. The study involved four Thai firms operating in specific settings in Thai culture. Finally, there was little evidence of research in similar areas, making it difficult to find relevant research and to complete an extensive literature review.