The turn-indicating section of the turn-and-bank indicator is actually a rate gyro,and is produces an in proportion to the rate of turn.The face of the instrument normally includes marks,or "doghouses," on each side of centerd needle position. when the needle is pointing at one of these mark,the aircraft is ni a standard-rate turn of 3°.some rate indicators are designed to indicate a turn at one-half of standard rate when the needle points at the"doghose."These instrument can be identified by the words"4 MINUTME TURN "at the bottom of the instrument,meaning that a 360° change in direction will take 4 min rather than 2 min.These 4-min indicators are normally found in high-speed aircraft.If there are no doghouses on the instrument face,one needle-widht deflection is the standard-rate position.