This is where, as Buckingham suggests, critical fluency and access to use of media becomes an offensive “form of preparation,” in terms of active learning outcomes, rather than a defensive “form of protection” and passive acceptance of the mass media
Our media-saturated society is a learning ground for youth and adults, and those who are more media literate will find media a useful tool and creative outlet. Alternative media enable and encourage empowerment, and learning outcomes may take place in either formal or informal educational settings.