working conditions; changes in belief and value systems; modifications in lifestyles; changes in health practices; and, alterations in childrearing. This is especially true on the eastern Despite the fact there have been numerous studies on parent-child interactions, the studies primarily have been conducted in Western cultures. In addition, little is known about the effect the movement from an agrarian setting to a more industrialized setting has had on childrearing within Thailand. Exploration and assessment of parent-child interactions appears needed so as to identify effective ways to promote the health and well-being of children growing up in an industrialized area. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to explore the influence of parent/grandparent-child interactions on child development in families, with 13 to 36 month old children, living in an industrial area on the eastern seaboard of Thailand.