To meet the needs of healthcare administration, a number of university programs have developed a set of competencies (e.g., Cherlin et al. 2006; Shewchuk, O'Connor, and Fine 2005; 2006; White, Clement, and Nayar 2006) or competency models (e.g., Campbellet al. 2006) for their students.
A review of these efforts is beyond the scope of this article, but note that these various programs typically use a similar process for developing their competencies:
(1) existing competency literature is reviewed,
(2) subjea matter experts (either faculty or practitioners) are approached to provide depth
and content validity, and
(3) a survey of practitioners is condurted. In other words, academic programs take steps to ensure