Previous EAP research has examined the willingness of employees to use the EAP as measured through surveys as well as the actual utilization of EAPs by client characteristics such as gender, marital status, educational level, employment tenure, and problem type. Although not unanimous, most single-site studies and meta-analyses of individual client utilization variables generally indicate that younger, married, and female enrollees are overrepre sented among EAP users . Also present in the literature are investigations concerning the influence of environmental features or organizational factors upon utilization, including perceptions of confidentiality, supervisory=management