Improper and poor pre-slaughter handling of animals during production,
transport, lairage and stunning can result in stress that directly
affects animal welfare In particular showed that serious
livestockwelfare problems occurmost often in the pre-slaughter period
from transportation to slaughter.Cattle welfare concerns related to
transportation and lairage include, but are not restricted to, limited access
to feed and water, exposure to variable climatic conditions, noise
and vibrations, poor handling and mixing with unfamiliar animals