About 390 million years ago, during the geological period called the Devonian, the area west of whaare now the northern Appalachian Mountains, including New York and Pennsylvania, was covered by a series of warm, shallow seas. The bedrock underneath New York’s Finger Lakes region is made of the silt, mud, and ancient organisms that settled
to the bottom of these seas. These sediments were buried deeply as the Appalachian Mountains rose, and
through heat and pressure turned to rock over millions of years. The organic matter buried with the mud
turned to natural gas under this heatand pressure. If pore spaces between the grains in the rocks were sufficiently large and interconnected, this gas migrated to areas of lower pressure, often forming shallow pockets of gas that were trapped
under rock layers through which it could not travel. Shale, the kind of rock that makes up the Marcellus, is
often considered a capstone formation – a rock layer that traps gas or water underground because fluids
cannot travel through it. Early exploitation of natural gas in New York, as early as the 1860s, was accomplished by drilling vertical wells into these pockets, so that the gas could be brought to the surface to be used for energy
About 390 million years ago, during the geological period called the Devonian, the area west of whaare now the northern Appalachian Mountains, including New York and Pennsylvania, was covered by a series of warm, shallow seas. The bedrock underneath New York’s Finger Lakes region is made of the silt, mud, and ancient organisms that settled
to the bottom of these seas. These sediments were buried deeply as the Appalachian Mountains rose, and
through heat and pressure turned to rock over millions of years. The organic matter buried with the mud
turned to natural gas under this heatand pressure. If pore spaces between the grains in the rocks were sufficiently large and interconnected, this gas migrated to areas of lower pressure, often forming shallow pockets of gas that were trapped
under rock layers through which it could not travel. Shale, the kind of rock that makes up the Marcellus, is
often considered a capstone formation – a rock layer that traps gas or water underground because fluids
cannot travel through it. Early exploitation of natural gas in New York, as early as the 1860s, was accomplished by drilling vertical wells into these pockets, so that the gas could be brought to the surface to be used for energy
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