3.1 Within-Country Variation The data reveal that within-country variation varies quite significantly from country to country. After constructing margins of error (95%) around the regional estimates, we find that some countries display very tight regional groupings, while others display a remarkably wide range in QoG across their given regions, and the differences are
statistically significant. Table 7 displays a simple breakdown of EU countries by level of
within-country regional variation in QoG.