SYNOPSIS. This paper reviews the generalized stress response in fish at the cellular
and neuroendocrine levels. The focus of this review is to examine the possible
relationships between the stress responses at these two levels in fish. It focuses
primarily on the heat shock protein 70 (hsp70). Thus, the descriptions of the endocrine
and the cellular stress responses are followed by a discussion of how hsps
may be related to the stress hormones adrenaline and cortisol. Preliminary evidence
shows that adrenaline causes an increase in hsp70 in primary cultures of
rainbow trout hepatocytes. Cortisol does not directly affect hsp70 levels in fish
tissues; however, in primary cultures of trout hepatocytes, cortisol decreased the
stressor-induced increase in hsp 70. A wide range of abiotic and biological stressors
have been shown to induce hsp induction in many types of fish cells, including cell
lines, primary cell cultures, and in tissues from whole animals. Heat shock proteins
has been implicated in the protection of sulphate transport in the renal epithelium
of the flounder against the damaging effects of heat stress. Heat shock proteins
likely confer thermotolerance in fish, as well as tolerance to cytotoxic effects of
environmental contaminants and other non-thermal stressors
SYNOPSIS. This paper reviews the generalized stress response in fish at the cellular
and neuroendocrine levels. The focus of this review is to examine the possible
relationships between the stress responses at these two levels in fish. It focuses
primarily on the heat shock protein 70 (hsp70). Thus, the descriptions of the endocrine
and the cellular stress responses are followed by a discussion of how hsps
may be related to the stress hormones adrenaline and cortisol. Preliminary evidence
shows that adrenaline causes an increase in hsp70 in primary cultures of
rainbow trout hepatocytes. Cortisol does not directly affect hsp70 levels in fish
tissues; however, in primary cultures of trout hepatocytes, cortisol decreased the
stressor-induced increase in hsp 70. A wide range of abiotic and biological stressors
have been shown to induce hsp induction in many types of fish cells, including cell
lines, primary cell cultures, and in tissues from whole animals. Heat shock proteins
has been implicated in the protection of sulphate transport in the renal epithelium
of the flounder against the damaging effects of heat stress. Heat shock proteins
likely confer thermotolerance in fish, as well as tolerance to cytotoxic effects of
environmental contaminants and other non-thermal stressors
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