What about the presence of marketing in relationship with the local communities and their 
sustainable development? There references regarding the employment and contribution of 
marketing to the sustainable development of the local communities are rather rare, indirect and 
related to some specific areas of intervention, defined with a strong geographical significance, such 
as urban or local/regional marketing – where its specific concepts and tools are implemented aiming 
to support the development of a city, a local or a regional area.