Observational and experimental studies were summarized. Based on the evidence available, the SACN concluded that both compromised and excessive nutrient supply during early fetal and
infant life raise concerns with regard to the later health consequences of compromised or excessive nutrient supply during early fetal and infant life. The SACN
pointed out that while a number of studies indicate that variation in nutrient
supply early in life is associated with later outcomes and that there are studies to
explain potential mechanisms, the evidence is often inconsistent. Also, the SACN
stated that it is difficult to detect and quantify meaningful effect sizes for these
associations.