Anthropometric measurements
Body weight was measured with minimal clothing and
without shoes to the nearest 0.1 kg using a calibrated
portable scale. Height was measured to the nearest 1 cm
using a stadiometer, while the subject was in a full standing
position without shoes. Body mass index (BMI) was
calculated as the ratio of weight (kg) to height (m2
). Waist
circumference was measured at halfway between the lower
border of the ribs and the iliac crest in a horizontal plane.
Hip circumference was measured at the widest point over
the buttocks. Both waist and hip circumferences were
measured using a non-stretchable tape to the nearest 1 cm.
The waisthip ratio was calculated as the ratio of waist
circumference to hip circumference.