Chapter 7
7-23 A rigid tank contains an ideal gas at 40°C that is being stirred by a paddle wheel. The paddle
wheel does 200 kJ of work on the ideal gas. It is observed that the temperature of the ideal gas
remains constant during this process as a result of heat transfer between the system and the
surroundings at 30°C. Determine the entropy change of the ideal gas.
FIGURE 7–23
7–37 A well-insulated rigid tank contains 2 kg of a saturated liquid–vapor mixture of water at 100
kPa. Initially, three-quarters of the mass is in the liquid phase. An electric resistance heater placed
in the tank is now turned on and kept on until all the liquid in the tank is vaporized. Determine the
entropy change of the steam during this process. Answer: 8.10 kJ/K
7–41 An insulated piston–cylinder device contains 5 L of saturated liquid water at a constant
pressure of 150 kPa. An electric resistance heater inside the cylinder is now turned on, and 2200
kJ of energy is transferred to the steam. Determine the entropy change of the water during this
process.
Answer: 5.72 kJ/K
7–42 An insulated piston–cylinder device contains 0.05 m3 of saturated refrigerant-134a vapor at
0.8-MPa pressure. The refrigerant is now allowed to expand in a reversible manner until the
pressure drops to 0.4 MPa. Determine (a) the final temperature in the cylinder and (b) the work
done by the refrigerant.
FIGURE 7–42
7–44 Refrigerant-134a enters an adiabatic compressor as saturated vapor at 160 kPa at a rate of 2
m3/min and is compressed to a pressure of 900 kPa. Determine the minimum power that must be
supplied to the compressor.
7–60 A piston–cylinder device contains 5 kg of steam at 100°C with a quality of 50 percent. This
steam undergoes two processes as follows:
1-2 Heat is transferred to the steam in a reversible manner while the temperature is held constant
until the steam exists as a saturated vapor.
2-3 The steam expands in an adiabatic, reversible process until the pressure is 15 kPa.
(a) Sketch these processes with respect to the saturation lines on a single T-s diagram.
(b) Determine the heat added to the steam in process 1-2, in kJ.
(c) Determine the work done by the steam in process 2-3, in kJ
7–61 Steam at 6000 kPa and 500°C enters a steady-flow turbine. The steam expands in the
turbine while doing work until the pressure is 1000 kPa. When the pressure is 1000 kPa, 10
percent of the steam is removed from the turbine for other uses. The remaining 90 percent of the
steam continues to expand through the turbine while doing work and leaves the turbine at 10 kPa.
The entire expansion process by the steam through the turbine is reversible and adiabatic.
(a) Sketch the process on a T-s diagram with respect to the saturation lines. Be sure to label the
data states and the lines of constant pressure.
(b) If the turbine has an isentropic efficiency of 85 percent, what is the work done by the steam as
it flows through the turbine per unit mass of steam flowing into the turbine, in kJ/kg?
7–63 A 50-kg copper block initially at 80°C is dropped into an insulated tank that contains 120 L of
water at 25°C. Determine the final equilibrium temperature and the total entropy change for this
process.
FIGURE 7–63
7–68 A 50-kg iron block and a 20-kg copper block, both initially at 80°C, are dropped into a large
lake at 15°C. Thermal equilibrium is established after a while as a result of heat transfer between
the blocks and the lake water. Determine the total entropy change for this process.
FIGURE 7–68
7-124
7-125
7-126 Steam enters an adiabatic turbine at 7 MPa, 600°C, and 80 m/s and leaves at 50 kPa,
150°C, and 140 m/s. If the power output of the turbine is 6 MW, determine (a) the mass flow rate
of the steam flowing through the turbine and (b) the isentropic efficiency of the turbine. Answers:
(a) 6.95 kg/s, (b) 73.4 percent
7–130 Air enters an adiabatic compressor at 100 kPa and 17°C at a rate of 2.4 m3/s, and it exits
at 257°C. The compressor has an isentropic efficiency of 84 percent. Neglecting the changes in
kinetic and potential energies, determine (a) the exit pressure of air and (b) the power required to
drive the compressor.
7–131 Air is compressed by an adiabatic compressor from 95 kPa and 27°C to 600 kPa and
277°C. Assuming variable specific heats and neglecting the changes in kinetic and potential
energies, determine (a) the isentropic efficiency of the compressor and (b) the exit temperature of
air if the process were reversible. Answers: (a) 81.9 percent, (b) 505.5 K
P1 The radiator of a steam heating system has a volume of 20 L and is filled with superheated
water vapor at 200 kPa and 150°C. At this moment both the inlet and the exit valves to the radiator
are closed. After a while the temperature of the steam drops to 40°C as a result of heat transfer to
the room air. Determine the entropy change of the steam during this process. Answer: _0.132 kJ/K
P2 Steam enters an adiabatic turbine at 8 MPa and 500°C with a mass flow rate of 3 kg/s and
lea