One node in the network (sender) sends a message to the another
node in the network (receiver node)[10].Then the receiving node
attempts to send the message to its neighbors. The neighboring
nodes think the message was sent from the sender node(which is
usually out of range), so they attempt to send the message to the
originating node, but it never arrives since it is too far away.
Wormhole attack is a significant threat to wireless sensor
networks, because, this sort of attack does not require
compromising a sensor in the network rather, it could be
performed even at the initial phase when the sensors start to
discover neighboring information [12].
Wormhole attacks are difficult to counter because routing
information supplied by a node is difficult to verify