Measures
A total of 118.57 h of videotaped data were collected between 18 October and 14 December, 2001, on male–female (66 h, 22 min) and female–female consortships (52 h, 12 min). Observations occurred primarily between 07:00 h and 14:00 h when the monkeys are most sexually active.
Videotaped recordings of male–female and female–female consortship interactions were made using a modified focal animal method. Focal data were collected for both consort partners simultaneously because they were invariably interacting with one another. When two consortships occurred simultaneously, the one for which fewer data had been collected was observed. Recordings were made using a Sony Video Hi8 Handycam Vision (CCD-TR58 NTSC) video-camera with a colour LCD monitor. Data were recorded in 30-min time blocks unless (1) the observer lost sight of the consort pair; (2) the consortship ended before the 30-min time block; or (3) another consortship was observed for which fewer data had been collected.
Twelve categories of courtship behaviours were examined including: (1) lip quivering; (2) head bobbing; (3) pushing; (4) grabbing; (5) ground smacking; (6) body spasms; (7) intense gazing; (8) inclined-back presentations; (9) hindquarter presentations; (10) hands-on-hindquarter solicitations; (11) sexual vocalizations; and (12) courtship directed towards third-party individuals.